Source
Cheng-Feng Tsai, Jia-Jia Chung, Shinn-Jyh Ding, Chun-Cheng Chen, Journal of Dental Sciences, 2023, ISSN 1991-7902
Date 2023
Abstract
HOCl was tested against a range of bacteria that cause tooth decay and gum disease. Comparisons were made over a range of tests with NaOCl ("bleach") and other dental antiseptics. The authors conclude that "HOCl solution could be used as a potential mouthwash to reduce gingivitis and plaque, or as a root canal irrigant and in the treatment of peri-implantitis".
]]>Source: Denys GA, Devoe NC, Gudis P, May M, Allen RC, Stephens JT, Jr. Infect Immun 87:e00261-1
Date: 2019
Abstract
The antimicrobial effectiveness of hypochlorous acid, generated by a biochemical system treatment that utilises enzymes and substrates normally found within tissues, was examined in the presence of protein (horse serum) and human blood cells. The solution (E-101) demonstrated sustained and more potent killing than sodium oxychlorosene (a slow release agent for hypochlorous acid) against S. aureus in the presence of both serum and blood.
]]>Author/Source: Boecker et Al; GMS Hygiene and Infection Control 2023, Vol. 18, ISSN 2196-5226
Date: 2023
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the research on HOCl for infection prevention and control. The paper provides a description of HOCl's chemical and biological properties and its physiological role in the innate immune system. Applications in COVID-19 are included.
]]>
Author/Source: Benedusi, M.; Tamburini, E.; Sicurella, M.; Summa, D.; Ferrara, F.; Marconi, P.; Cervellati, F.; Costa, S.; Valacchi, G. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13163.
Abstract
Data obtained in this research article showed that HOCl at the dose of 300 ppm did not affect cellular and tissue viability, nor their morphology when tested in vitro. This study showed that nebulized HOCl can prevent virus and bacteria growth without affecting lung and skin tissues, making this compound a perfect candidate to sanitise indoor environments.
]]>
Author/Source: Maher M Akl, Int J Clin Microbiol Biochem Technol. 2023; 6: 001-004
Date: March 30, 2023
A concise and comprehensive review of the use of HOCl in a clinical environment. Particular reference is made to the potential application of HOCl as an anti-microbial in the management of antibiotic resistance.
]]>Authors: Guan H, Nuth M, Weiss SR, et al. Journal of Dental Research. 2023;102(9):1031-1037. doi:10.1177/00220345231169434
In an oral droplet-aerosol simulation platform it was found that human betacoronavirus OC43 (related to SARS-CoV-2), human influenza virus (H1N1), and HSV1 from atomizer-produced droplet-aerosols were each fully destroyed by only 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) within 30 s, which was the shortest time point of exposure to the virucide. Importantly, 100 ppm HOCl introduced into the oral cavity is known to be safe for humans.
In conclusion, this frontline approach establishes the potential of using 100 ppm HOCl in dental waterlines to continuously irrigate the oral cavity during dental procedures to destroy harmful viruses normally transmitted within aerosols and droplets to protect practitioners, staff, and other patients.
]]>Introduction:
A very timely and valuable contribution to the understanding and communication of the properties and terminology of chlorine based disinfectants. In addition to concerns regarding safe and effective use, comparisons and assessments of research outputs are often difficult due to the multiplicity of terms used to describe the nature and characteristics of chlorine based disinfectants. This paper offers a means by which clarification can be enhanced and the use of chlorine based disinfectants can be optimised in clinical practice.
This article addresses:
Authors' Abstract:
Disinfection is a mainstay of infection prevention, the importance of which was highlighted throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. There is frequent misuse of terminology surrounding chlorine solutions in the literature. This leads not only to confusion but has potentially dangerous outcomes, as inappropriate mixing of chlorine solutions with other disinfectants or cleaning solutions can lead to the release of chlorine gas. This article provides a resource for accurate terminology surrounding chlorine-based disinfection and clarifies some of the key inaccuracies, including the pH-dependent nature of chlorine species distribution of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (neutral/acidic chlorine solution) and hypochlorite (OCl-) (alkaline chlorine solution). Misuse and misunderstanding of chlorine solutions and the terminology used can be harmful therefore this is an essential resource for those utilising chlorine as a disinfectant.
Author/Source: Dianty R et al., 2023, Frontiers in Microbiology
No discernible effects were seen on viral RNA. HOCl substantially reduced infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus. HOCl was found to oxidise and aggregate spike and nuclear proteins, and disrupted binding of SARS-CoV-2 to human ACE2.
The authors conclude by stating that "the promising attributes of (HOCl) as a potential antiviral agent for airborne and droplet transmitted pathogens, coupled with it cost effectiveness and absence of observed metal corrosion or chemical harm during environmental application, suggest its significance as a valuable agent in alleviating the global pandemic impact".
]]>Author/Source: Kuan-Che Feng et al., Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances
A comparison of the effects of environmental conditions and hypochlorous acid applied as an ultrasonically generated mist on populations of H1N1 influenza virus.
The results revealed significant survival of virus in a wide range of conditions of temperature (less than 45oC), dehydration, saline concentration (up to 5 Molar), pH (4 to 11), and most U.S. coinage surfaces.
Following HOCl exposure it was noted that virus particles shrank (from 140nm to 50nm) and lost all spike protein, making the viral particles incapable of infection. Virus levels were reduced by a log reduction value of at least -6. The authors stated that fogging with HOCl is an effective method of delivering disinfectants to large areas, achieving complete reduction of the viral load on both horizontal and vertical surfaces.
]]>Author/Source:
et al., EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE 22: 915, 2021A clinical trial using volunteer patients, all diagnosed as positive for Covid-19. Both control (n=45), and the experimental group (n=39) were all given appropriate conventional medical therapies and support. The experimental group were, in addition, prescribed HOCl treatment firstly in nebulised form (inhalation of fine droplets) and in rising levels, by intravenous delivery.
31% of the patients without HOCl care deteriorated and were hospitalised, but only 11% of the experimental group required hospital care at a later date.
13% of the control group died, but no deaths were seen in the experimental group treated with escalating doses of HOCl.
The experimental group patients also reported a faster rate of recovery.
]]>